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Furnace OilFurnace Oil
DEFINITION: A dark viscous residual fuel obtained by blending mainly heavier components from crude distillation unit, short residue and clarified oil from fluidized catalytic cracker unit.
NOMENCLATURE Bunker fuel, furnace oil, Fuel oil are other names for the same product. Though Fuel oil is a general term applied to any oil used for generation of power or heat, Fuel oil can included distillates and blends of distillates and residue such as Light Diesel Oil.
SPECIFICATION Furnace oil in the current marketing range meets Bureau of Indian Standards Specification IS: 1593 - 1982 for fuel oils, grade MV2.
VISCOSITY Viscosity is the most important characteristic in the furnace oil specification. It influences the degree of pre-heat required for handling, storage and satisfactory atomization. If the oil is too viscous it may become difficult to pump, burner may be hard to light and operation may be erratic. Poor atomization may result in the carbon deposits on the burner tips or on the walls. The upper viscosity limit for furnace oil is such that it can be handled without heating in the storage tank is excepting under server cold conditions. Pre-heating is necessary for proper atomization.
FLASH POINT As per the Controller of Explosives classification, Furnace oil falls in the class "C" category with minimum flash point standard of 66 deg. C. Since Penskey Martens Closed Cup method is used, it is apparent that a small quantity of low boiling point hydrocarbons is sufficient to lower the flash point drastically.
SPECIFICATION FOR FURNACE OIL-IS 1448
CHARACTERISTICS
Test methods Grade LV
Grade MV1
Grade MV2
Grade
HV
Acidity, inorganic
P-2
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
Ash, % wt. max
P-4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Gross, calorific value, cal/g
P-6 or 7
Not limited but to be reported
Relative Density at 15 0C
P-32
Not limited but to be reported
Flash point, (PMCC) 0C, Min.
P-21
66
66
66
66
Kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 50 0C
P-25
80
125
180
378
Sediment,
% wt. max.
P-30
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Sulphur, total,
% by wt., max.
P-33 or P-35
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
Water Content,
% by vol., max.
P-40
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
FAQ
specified in the standard.
SEDIMENT Furnace oil being a blend of residues contains some quantity of sediments. These have adverse effect on the burners and cause blockage of filters etc. However, the typical values are normally much lower than the stipulated value of maximum 0.25 percent, by mass.
ASH Ash is incombustible component of the furnace oil and is expressed as a percentage mass of the furnace oil sample. Ash consists of extraneous solids, residues of organometallic compounds in solution and salts dissolved in water present in the fuel. These salts may be compounds of sodium, vanadium, calcium magnesium, silicon, iron etc. Ash has erosive effect on the burner tips, causes damage to the refractories at high temperatures and gives rise to high temperature corrosion and fouling of equipments.
SULPHUR Sulphur determination includes burning of known quantity of oil, treating the sulphur oxidation products formed during combustion and weighing of sulphur in the form of sulphate. The sulphur di oxide may come in direct contact with the product during the combustion process and may create adverse quality effects in the product.
CALORIFIC VALUE Calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat generated in kilocalories by complete burning of one kilogram weight of fuel. Gross calorific value is higher than net calorific value to the extent of heat required to change water formed by combustion into water vapours
