Lithium batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, no memory effect, long cycle life, low self-discharge, ideal power sources for small and lightweight electronic devices such as mobile phones, cameras, laptops, portable measuring instruments, and high-energy power source for electric vehicles and military applications. Due to its wide application and massive market requirements, its production quality also attracts attention.
There are two major production processes of the battery. One is formation, and the other is grading. After the battery cell is manufactured, the internal positive and negative materials are activated through a specific charge and discharge procedure.
The formation process is to improve the charge and discharge performance, self-discharge, storage, and overall performance, while a simple way to describe the grading process is achieving battery capacity classification and performance sorting through the charging and discharging process. In terms of the production process principles, the formation and grading procedures are the same. Their functions can be integrated into the same system, acting as a charger. The formation and grading system can charge and
discharge many battery cells at the same time.
As in the process of formation and grading, the battery cells need to be continuously charged and discharged, the power consumption is a considerable production cost. To save production costs, the manufacturer can design a formation and grading system through the bidirectional power supply BIC-2200 series and bidirectional DC/DC converter as shown in Figure 2. With the bidirectional power supply BIC-2200 and bidirectional DC/DC converter working under forwarding conversion, the battery can be
charged. Vice versa, in the reverse conversion, the battery can be discharged. When the battery is discharged, the electric energy is recycled back into the AC grid and provided to other AC loads to save electricity costs.