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Aluminum, as the lightest and most ductile metal, has a wide range of uses. It is resistant to corrosion, has high electrical conductivity, and also easily tolerates sudden temperature fluctuations. Another feature is, upon contact with air, the appearance on its surface of a special film that protects the metal.
Currently, aluminum and its alloys are used in many areas of industry and technology. First of all, aluminum and its alloys are used by the aviation and automotive industries. Aluminum is also widely used in other industries: mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and instrument making, industrial and civil construction, the chemical industry, and the production of consumer goods.

Basic properties of aluminum
This element is chemically active, but a dense oxide film formed on its surface protects semi-finished products and finished products from corrosion damage.

Aluminum has the following physical properties:
1.density - 2.7 g / cm3 (for comparison - the density of iron is 7.85 g / cm3);
2.melting temperature + 600 ° C (iron + 1535 ° C);
3. high electrical and thermal conductivity;
4. paramagnetism - a metal is attracted by a magnet only in the presence of a magnetic field;
5. bulk face-centered metal crystal lattice.
The main natural impurities present in Al after reduction from oxide (silicon, zinc, titanium, iron, copper) affect the physical and technological parameters of the metal. The cleaner it is, the higher its electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and, of course, the price. Basic mechanical parameters: ultimate strength after cold plastic deformation - 150 MPa, relative elongation - 50%.

Al is easily formed, can be machined, welded by various types of welding. To increase corrosion resistance, the surface of parts and structures is anodized. Anodizing is the electrochemical process of creating a thick oxide film.

 

Pure aluminum has poor mechanical properties. That is why its alloys are most often used.
There are a lot of such alloys, here are the main ones:

1.aluminum with manganese;
2. duralumin;
3. aluminum with magnesium;
4. aluminum with copper;
5. Aviation;
6.Silumins.
These alloys are based on aluminum, they differ exclusively in additives. The latter, however, make the material durable, easy to process, more resistant to wear and corrosion.

 

Aluminum interacts with:

 

alkalis	2Al + 6H2O + 2NaOH = Na [Al (OH) 4] + 3H2;
acids	AL + HCL = AlCL3 + H2;
sulfur	2AL + 3S = AL2S3;
halogens	AL + Hal = ALHal3.

 

The main property of aluminum is considered to be its ability to restore other substances from their compounds.
The reactions of its interaction with oxides of other metals show well all the reducing properties of the substance. Aluminum perfectly separates metals from various compounds. An example is: Cr2O3 + AL = AL2O3 + Cr.
The metallurgical industry is actively using this ability of aluminum. The method of obtaining substances, which is based on this reaction, is called aluminothermy. The chemical industry uses aluminum most often to obtain other metals.